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mathew said..
Which brings me to the last paragraph - it is mostly wrong due to the randomness of the noise source -> you are equally likely to get an "all high" reading as you would an "all low" reading... but mostly, you _will_ get "somewhere closer to the middle, than the extremes"
That would be true if (and only if) either the 2-second peak would be very defined, or we would be taking a _random_ 2-second sample. Neither is the case.
The speed is often quite close to the maximum for longer than 2 seconds. For example, assume that the
true speed drops by 0.2 knots right after the 2-second maximum, but we have a +1 knot random spike there. This will cause the
measured speed to be 0.8 knots
too high. Since the software is
searching for the 2-second region with the highest speed, it will select this peak, and overstate the speed. Because we are actively looking for the 10 data points with the highest average, we are much more likely to pick up a random peak, and overstate speed.
Note that I am not talking about an "all high", but rather about an "edge peak" effect. Even if 6 of 10 points are accurate, and 4 points have a +1 knot error, we'll overestimate the 2 second speed by 0.4 knots. The noisier the data are, the bigger the over-estimate will be. That's exactly what decrepit's 2 second results showed. The GW-52 had higher SDOPs, caused by more noise, than the GW-60 data, and the 2 second speeds were higher. Due to random noise.
Here's a simple thing to do to see the effect noise on searching 2-second maxima: make a little spreadsheet with a few hundred random data points between -1 and +1. Add a column where you calculate the average over 10 points. Then, search for the maximum in the averages over different ranges. As soon as you look in 100-200 points, you'll get an average of close to 0.48. Shorter ranges will give you lower numbers, but even looking at just a 3-second range will give a bias of 0.16.
Bottom line is that noise will
often lead to inflated speed values, and that the effect will be proportional to the amount of noise. Higher SDOP values indicate more noise. In decrepit's 2 second data, the GW-52 had higher SDOP values and thus more noise, and also had higher speed estimates. Exactly as expected. The difference in the 10 second values is a lot smaller, since the contribution of "edge noise peaks" to the average is 5x lower.
Nothing new here, really. We've seen the same thing with other less accurate GPS devices in the past, which is one reason the 5x10 number is so popular. Why Daffy got so excited because I use the word "noise" escapes me.