Ian K said..Always been curious Pacey. Can we tap into $100m of research?

What is the primary reason sail designers put twist in sails? To allow for the apparent wind angle changing with height? Don't want too much leverage at the top? A byproduct of flex? Or just to tidy up the tip aerodynamics?
And how do the CFD models generate the turbulence of the incoming wind? How sensitive ( if at all ) is the optimum design to different turbulence regimes?
No expensive research involved here as I've never seen good CFD of windsurfer sails at the correct angles/wind velocities. That's not to say it hasn't been done, it's just not something I've researched in depth.
My personal opinions are below, but there are lots of people who have far more knowledge in this area than me so I'm open to being corrected on any of these points.
1. Wind shear: This refers to both wind strength and direction, both of which can vary significantly as you go up from water level. On big yachts with very tall masts it is not unheard of for the wind direction aloft to be different enough from the direction lower down that the top of the mainsail is on the opposite tack. Fortunately we don't operate in that degree of wind shear, but there can still be differences in windspeed near water level compared to the top of a windsurfer mast. When you are under way, this has the effect of changing the direction of the apparent wind as you move up, meaning that the sail needs to be twisted off as you go up the sail to have the same angle of attack.
2. Heeling moment: when a sail is overpowered it makes sense to depower the highest part first to reduce the overall heeling moment. This is particularly true with windsurfers, as we are very much heeling moment limited. It's why tall/heavy sailors/weight jackets have an advantage when it is windy, yet light boards are faster - they all improve righting moment by moving the center of gravity of the system further outboard. Moving the center of effort of the rig further inboard in a gust, either by sheeting out slightly so that the twisted head of the sail feathers first, or by the leech deflecting into a more twisted shape, is also advantageous.
3. Stability: Most aircraft use washout (twist) at the wingtips to ensure that the wingtips are the last part of the wing to stall. If this wasn't the case, one wingtip would stall first and the aircraft would enter a spin. Similarly, if the head of a windsurfing sail stalls first in a lull, it will be harder to sheet in and get our bodyweight back over the board. If the head stays unstalled as we sheet in there is more time to recover from a sudden reduction in windstrength.
4. Improved lift distribution: If the head of the sail is too narrow the sail will be too heavily loaded at the tip resulting in more drag, so twisting the sail is important to get a more optimal lift distribution and minimum drag. I doubt that this is much of an issue with modern sails as they tend to be fairly wide at the head, but was an issue back in the days of sails with narrow or pointed heads.
Regarding your last question, CFD and turbulence modelling, it's really easy, you just have to solve the Navier-Stokes equations and you're done!
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Prize_Problems