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segler said..
Slalom boards with flat bottoms were well known to be scary fast.
It is true that any amount of V in the planing surface can reduce top speed compared to a flat bottom. However, if you look at the planing area of modern slalom and speed boards, you will see that the vast majority of them do have a V. I just checked on4 different slalom and speed boards in my garage from3 different brands, and all of them have a pronounced V (looks like around 5 mm or more in front of the fin, although I did not measure it).
Vs in slalom and speed boards give more control than flat bottoms, especially in chop, and make it easier to push down the leeward rail to ride the fin. Those factors are much more important than the slight loss in efficiency from the V. I had the pleasure to speed surf with many of the top speed surfers in Australia earlier this year. Perhaps the most important thing for top speed was control. I needed tips from a 50-knot surfer that went
against the common "wisdom" to break 40 knots - in my case, moving the mast base far forward for more control. The one thing that separated the few guys who always went a few knots faster than everyone else was the amount of
control they had in chop and strong gusts.
If you compare modern slalom boards to free ride and wave boards, you may find that some of the non-slalom boards have more V. But the bigger differences will be in the amount of rocker, and the sharpness of the rails, especially around the front foot straps. Slalom boards have zero rocker, or close to zero. Wave boards may have a couple of cm rocker, free ride boards in between. The rocker forces the water flow in an
upward direction, effectively sucking the board down into the water. Rocker is great for radical turns in waves, but makes it hard to start planing. Kick tails, and a V-shape tail, act similar.
Round rails in the planing surface have a similar effect. With a sharp, rectangular rail, the water that's flowing to the outside squirts out to the side of the board. With a rounded rail, the water follows the shape of the rail and moves upward. That, again, creates downward suction. If you look at the central planing surface of the Elix board, you'll see sharp and rectangular rails. The same is true for some boards that have a pintail bottom shape and winglets.
Looking at downwind board shapes, you need to consider how they are used. For the original downwind use in waves (like on Maui), the board does
not need to reach planing speed, since it can use the push of the wave and the foil. If you go to flat water, the wave component goes away, so you'll need a bit more of something. That can be a bigger front wing, or even the upward pull of the hand wing.
Now if you go to a narrow windfoil board shape, you have to allow the board to plane, at least if you want to use a smaller foil. That means your rail and rail shapes become much more important. It does not mean that
every corner on the board needs to be sharp and rectangular - at the lower speed transition from displacement to semi-planing, round corners seem to work well enough.