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Paducah said..
boardsurfr, to clarigy, the sail flip is a rotation, not a "flagging out". And, downwind is not straight downwind but a very broad reach.
Well, the sail flip should be a rotation, but when things go wrong, it's often not. And one of the problems that can happen is that the boom does not come around to the other side, something windsurf instructors call "flagging out".
If you flatten the board during the sail rotation in a
sail-first jibe, you are more likely to run into these problems. Racers do step jibes since they typically jibe when the board speed is much higher than the wind speed. Then, a sail-first jibe simply does not work because the apparent wind comes from the front when going downwind. If you'd let go of the clew hand, nothing would happen (or if you opened the sail first, the clew would actually go the
wrong way).
A
sail-first jibe works best when the
wind speed is higher than board speed,so the apparent wind comes from the back of the board when dead downwind. That's why you see it a lot in Maui, where board speeds are 20 knots in 30+ knot winds, or on freeride foils with small sails. If you stop carving while the sail rotates in a sail-first jibe when going downwind, the wind from the back will mean that the clew just point straight to the front, like a flag. That makes grabbing the boom on the new side hard to impossible. If the board speed is close to wind speed, you can sometimes get around this by pushing with the clew hand instead of just releasing, but that won't work in strong wind.
Interestingly, windsurfers trying to learn planing jibes often have the same two problems, which boil down to "stopping the carve" at the wrong time. If you stop too late, you go too far upwind. That's a common problem with the step jibe, and often includes stepping and rotating too late (nicknamed "carve fascination"). If you stop the carve too early, you have a hard time getting to the new side of the boom, and powering up again. For windsurfers, that's often a wobble in the middle of the jibe due to poor foot placement.
The big difference on the foil is that you loose a lot less speed, so it's
possible to flatten out the board when going downwind. Nico Goyard had some extremely wide jibes when beating the PWA slalom racers in Israel. In the video from Lake Garda, though, the flattening was just very brief, and during the foot step. The board has to wobble when you move your feet, and that wobble better be so the board is flatter - if you increase the carve, a crash is more likely. In the sail-first jibe, the feet move a lot later, so you carve through the sail flip.