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Paddles B'mere said..
I would believe that pretty much all crashes are caused by a drop in investor confidence causing the investor to dump the investment and erode consumer confidence even more, it's totally a mind game. How else an you explain things like the great depression, how can an apple be worth $2 one day and then only 50c the next day, it's the same apple on a different day. The answer is in the mind of the investor, what price is he/she willing to pay to get in and what price is he/she willing to accept to dump it and get out? Some investors can ride it out and stay rich or get richer, some will fall. It's very psychological and the market is very fickle.
No one can argue against the lack of investor confidence will see a drop in the value of all goods and services.
Just as no one would argue that increased investor confidence (on a personal and collective scale) will see a rise in what one will pay for any good and service.
But it is the free flow or restriction of available credit that drives or is the cause of the investors state of mind, that is confidence. This is the root cause.
So so what causes the ebb and flow of credit. Well many things but the most predominant cause of credit expansion and contraction is the credit produced by fractional reserve lending practises of banks.... and the credit created by this leveraged lending is mainly centred on mortgages over land/ property. There are others but all economic gains produced by the productive sector of the economy eventually find their way into the value of the land.
Especially as we allow land gains (economic rent) to be traded as a commodity through private ownership laws.
Always remember a mortgage is consider an asset on a banks ledger. They can then lend out multiples of this mortgage asset value depending on the type of banking institution and goverment regulations (although as we see time and time again they can get around most of these anyway).
Credit flows into an economy and investor confidence increases. Eventually the bulls take hold Of the market (all markets) and the value of good and services reach a point where the primary productive economy cannot support these prices. Also interest rates have risen to try and mitigate the resulting inflation before this point.
Then values start to fall and eventually drop below the asset value the credit was multiplied upon in the first place.
Credit squeezes and banks start calling in loans. The productive economy starts the feel it. Investor psychology THEN starts the reverse. Add in the high Interest rates, highly leveraged individuals, companies and of course the biggest lenders - the goverment... eventually the can cannot be kicked down road anymore and the markets have devastating corrections.
Thing is if you go back enough ... like 2-300 years you will see that it doesn't matter what economic structures were involved ... apart from the effect of the two great wars .. this cycle of bust and boom always occurs and with incredible regulatory.
Timed regulatory.
So given that we have to consider the underlying human psychology of course.
But also the effect of credit credit creation and contraction that drives the basic human instincts of greed and fear in the economic space.
But the entire structure (private ownership of land and the ability to trade the gains) will ensure a historical repeat regardless of the particular economic variables at play.
Do yourself a favour ... study history from a banking and land perspective. It will show you the underlying root causes. The rest is just localised smoke and mirrors. These always change but the underlying cause never has... to date.
And the elite know this.. they have for centuries. it's how they get and keep their wealth at the expense of the greater good.
Want to understand the real reason behind the rich and poor gap. Then study land and role banking has.
Otherwise you are dribbling naive sh1t.
Ps leveraged fractional reserve lending is a relatively new approach (perfect way to transfer wealth back to the top 1 percent ) but banks have always lent against land. But now the effects are going to be felt far more acutely.