Too complicated for mere mortals to understand but some discussions here if you really want to know.
www.seabreeze.com.au/forums/Windsurfing/Gps/How-do-Realspeed-GPSResults-calc-TP-Distance/?whichpage=-1&REPLY_ID=343519decrepit's response
Posted 04/05/2009, 8:04 pm
There's a different calculation method.
I assume something like this.
"Total Dist" uses trackpoints and joins a straight line between all the recorded points, so you don't get the full circumference of any turns.
Doppler checks the speed (once a second for the GTs) then calculates the distance from that.
And yes I've noticed that if there are no spikes, doppler is a slightly greater distance, but if there are any spikes trackpoints can give a very big extra distance error.