I think Windows is still the easiest. If nothing else you can use the same programme as your home PC and laptop and you should not get into trouble when you really need that nav programme to give a really good picture! That's why I would never suggest a touch screen, the last thing you need is smudged salt water on your screen. The laptop or LED screen needs to be bolted down. I use a logitec track ball that is screwed down on a pad so that water off my hands run down my wrist and clear of the mouse. The laptop has brackets screwing it down on a wooden base which tilts up with the nav table top. I have never been able to work out how to zoom and drag and drop etc with a touch screen where as it's dead easy with a mouse. A conventional mouse will fly around the cabin if you take your hands off it! There are times you need both hands to move about below.
This brings me to the other point about the suitability of this stuff in a hostile environment. Ordinary business class laptops are more than good enough, no need for toughbooks. The downside is the vulnerability of the screens when up when your moving about down below. It's hard not to hit them with your flailing arms or flying objects. When I get around to installing that 22 inch screen I will have to install a vertical post/handhold so I don't bump it as I pass.
My current thinking of a good set up is similar to what Dralyagmas has. The kogan 22 with Rasberry Pi3. This seems to be a popular choice with cruisers worldwide. The windows usb stick way would be OK if we could have a 12v TV with at least 4 USB inputs. The minimum is USB's for the Gps puck, windows 10 stick and logitec track ball.
This is my old set up in my fishing boat about 15 years ago. 19 in screen. Note how that even installed in the cabin the screen needed to be shielded from the sun at times. The Logitec trackball is available secondhand off eBay but they are not cheap.