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gorgesailor said..tubbydug said..
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Cold damp air is the same, more molecules in the same volume of space gives a wind with the same speed more power.
Your not getting it mate... How do you know they are the same speed? How do you measure that speed? When you use a wind meter you are really measuring the power/force of that wind - it's effect on the impeller. Not it's actual speed. How is the force of the wind acting on an impeller any different than the force acting on your sail? ... I mean I could be wrong but I have not heard any good explanation why.
I also had a puzzling experience in Maui... I was using a 5.4 sqm sail instead of a 6.5sqm that I would normally use for the same nominal wind speed in Melbourne
There is a fair margin of error in saying same wind speed as I did not measure the wind myself with the same anomemeter and simply assuming they were measured the same way both in Melbourne and Maui. However I have heard similar comments from many fellow sailors.
More scientificly speaking, the formula to calculate wind power of a wind turbine that works pretty similar to a sail has a variable for air density in addition to the wind speed:
P=1/2 x the density of air x the area swept out by the turbines x (the windspeed)^3
And observations of air density over a couple of years in a wind farm showed 20% variation... see
www.technologyreview.com/s/423317/the-missing-link-between-air-density-and-wind-power-production/ for details... This is obviously significant.
I see your point about the way an anomemeter with turning cups (the most common type) measures the wind speed but I think it behaves differently to a sail... A low density but fast flow of air especially if it is also going up and down every few seconds would spin the cups like crazy over the 10 minutes the wind is measured as average but put less power on the sail. A relatively slower, dense and relentless air flow like in Maui would feel like a grunty turbo diesel on your sail but wouldn't generate as many spins on the anomemeter.
This is obviously an oversimplification considering so many other factors... That's why sometimes science is a little limited for real world applications and 1st hand feel and experience makes a much bigger difference to your performance than studying formulas :)